
If you were traversing the ancient Tethys ocean some 115 million years ago and encountered gigantic lamniform sharks, you’d most definitely need a bigger boat.
Lamniformes, an order of sharks that includes the great white of Jaws infamy, evolved around 135 million years ago and may have begun as wee, shallow water-dwelling creatures—around 3 feet long. But over time, they evolved into massive, fearsome fish that ruled the world’s oceans, for example the extinct megalodon that might have surpassed 50 feet long.
Previous evidence suggested that lamniformes swelled in size to hit the top of the marine food chain around 100 million years ago. Now, fossilized vertebrae found in Australia push this timeline back some 15 million years. These vertebrae appear to have belonged to a type of lamniform called a cardabiodontid, a hefty mega-predatory shark that swam among huge marine reptile neighbors such as plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs while dinosaurs roamed land.
This ancient ocean beast weighed more than 3 tons and measured between around 20 and 26 feet long, scientists reported in Communications Biology. According to statistical analysis of data from almost 2,000 modern sharks, the authors suggest that this ancient shark ballooned in size relatively early in its evolutionary history, about 20 million years after lamniformes emerged.
“This discovery changes the timeline for when sharks started getting really big,” said study author Mikael Siversson, a paleontologist at the Western Australian Museum, in a statement. “It turns out, they evolved a giant body size much earlier than we originally thought and were already top predators in shallow seas.”
Read more: “You’re Going to Need a Bigger Light”
The cardabiodontid vertebrae were discovered at a dig site called the Darwin Formation in northern Australia, which was once part of a shallow shelf bordering the Tethys ocean that sat between modern-day Australia and Europe. The same site has also revealed ancient marine reptiles, ray-finned fish, and other types of sharks.
The shark fossils were a rare find: Their skeletons are made of rubbery cartilage and don’t tend to stick around, so most known shark remnants are teeth. But these vertebrae were partially mineralized, keeping them relatively well preserved over the millennia.
Overall, the recent cardabiodontid findings reveal “a lot about how ancient food webs worked” Siversson said, and show “just how important Australia’s fossil sites are for understanding prehistoric life.”
Enjoying Nautilus? Subscribe to our free newsletter.
Lead image: Polyanna von Knorring, Swedish Museum of Natural History
This story was originally featured on Nautilus.
latest_posts
- 1
DEA seizes 1.7 million counterfeit fentanyl pills in Colorado storage unit - 2
Clones of Stumpy, Washington D.C.'s beloved cherry blossom tree, have flowered for the first time - 3
Ancient Pompeii construction site reveals the process for creating Roman concrete - 4
Vagus nerve stimulation shows promise as a way to counter Alzheimer’s disease- and age-related memory loss - 5
MEPs urge Commission leaders to stop Russia from returning to the Venice Biennale
Cygnus XL brings cargo to the ISS for 1st time | Space photo of the day for Dec. 1, 2025
Famous Rough terrain Vehicles for 2024
5 Christmas movies to stream for less with this Paramount+ Black Friday deal
State asks High Court to reject challenge to anti-UNRWA laws ahead of Monday hearing
Cyber Monday 2025: Save over 70% on HBO Max with this Prime Video streaming deal
Moon rush: These private spacecraft will attempt lunar landings in 2026
U.S. to drop childhood vaccine recommendations as it looks to Denmark, Washington Post reports
How to track NASA’s Artemis II and Orion’s journey to the moon
They want better health care — so they're turning to crypto startups













